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Introduction of Japanese pronunciation|Kana & Mora

Introduction of Japanese pronunciation English Article
Introduction of Japanese pronunciation

[Japanese translation page]

Kana and Mora

Kana and Mora

Japanese is based on five vowels: あ(a), い(i), う(u), え(e), and お(o).

These vowels can be used alone or combined with consonants to form kana.
e.g., k + a = か(ka).

Furthermore, new sounds can be created by combining consonants with the semivowel “y”.
e.g., k + y + a = きゃ(kya).

However, “ん(n)” is the only exception in Japanese that is pronounced by itself without a vowel.

Japanese kana has a length called a “mora” as a unit of pronunciation.

A mora corresponds to one kana, and for example, “か(ka)” and “きゃ(kya)” are counted as one mora.

On the other hand, long vowels (e.g. “あー(aa)” in “おかあさん(okaasan)”), the short consonant “っ(tsu)”, and the glottal stop “ん(n)” are also each treated as one mora.

All moras have the characteristic that they are pronounced with approximately equal length.

【表の見方】
左上:ひらがな
右上:カタカナ
中央下:ローマ字
あ ア
a

Pronunciation of the table above
Pronunciation in the table below
あ ア
a
い イ
i

u
え エ
e
お オ
o

k
か カ
ka
き キ
ki
く ク
ku
け ケ
ke
こ コ
ko
きゃ キャ
kya
きゅ キュ
kyu
きょ キョ
kyo

s
さ サ
sa
し シ
si
す ス
su
せ セ
se
そ ソ
so
しゃ シャ
sya
しゅ シャ
syu
しょ シャ
syo

t
た タ
ta
ち チ
ti
つ ツ
tu
て テ
te
と ト
to
ちゃ チャ
tya
ちゅ チャ
tyu
ちょ チョ
tyo

n
な ナ
na
に ニ
ni
ぬ ヌ
nu
ね ネ
ne
の ノ
no
にゃ ニャ
nya
にゅ ニュ
nyu
にょ ニョ
nyo

h
は ハ
ha
ひ ヒ
hi
ふ フ
hu
へ ヘ
he
ほ ホ
ho
ひゃ ヒャ
hya
ひゅ ヒュ
hyu
ひょ ヒョ
hyo

m
ま マ
ma
み ミ
mi
む ム
mu
め メ
me
も モ
mo
みゃ ミャ
mya
みゅ ミュ
myu
みょ ミョ
myo

y
や ヤ
ya
い イ
i
ゆ ユ
yu
え エ
e
よ ヨ
yo

r
ら ラ
ra
り リ
ri
る ル
ru
れ レ
re
ろ ロ
ro
りゃ リャ
rya
りゅ リュ
ryu
りょ リョ
ryo

w
わ ワ
wa
い イ
i
う ウ
u
え エ
e
を ヲ
wo
ん ン
n

g
が ガ
ga
ぎ ギ
gi
ぐ グ
gu
げ ゲ
ge
ご ゴ
go
ぎゃ ギャ
gya
ぎゅ ギュ
gyu
ぎょ ギョ
gyo

z
ざ ザ
za
じ ジ
zi
ず ズ
zu
ぜ ゼ
ze
ぞ ゾ
zo
じゃ ジャ
zya
じゅ ジュ
zyu
じょ ジョ
zyo

d
だ ダ
da
ぢ ヂ
di
づ ヅ
du
で デ
de
ど ド
do

b
ば バ
ba
び ビ
bi
ぶ ブ
bu
べ ベ
be
ぼ ボ
bo
びゃ ビャ
bya
びゅ ビュ
byu
びょ ビョ
byo

p
ぱ パ
pa
ぴ ピ
pi
ぷ プ
pu
ぺ ペ
pe
ぽ ポ
po
ぴゃ ピャ
pya
ぴゅ ピュ
pyu
ょ ピョ
pyo
Necessary sounds in foreign words

The following katakana are not included in the table above.

These are used to represent sounds that do not exist in Japanese natively, but are necessary for foreign words.

ウィ wiウェ weウォ wo
シェ sye
チェ tye
ツァ tsaツェ tseツォ tso
ティ tiトゥ tu
ファ faフィ fiフェ feフォ fo
ジェ je
ディ diドゥ du

Pronunciation Practice (1)

Pronunciation Practice (1)
akstnhmyrw
a
a

ka

sa

ta

na

ha

ma

ya

ra

wa
i
i

ki

si

ti

ni

hi

mi

i

ri

i
u
u

ku

su

tu

nu

hu

mu

yu

ru

u
e
e

ke

se

te

ne

he

me

e

re

e
o
o

ko

so

to

no

ho

mo

yo

ro

wo

Pronunciation Practice (2)

Pronunciation Practice (2)
あいうえお
a-i-u-e-o
いうえおあ
i-u-e-o-a
うえおあい
u-e-o-a-i
えおあいう
e-o-a-i-u
おあいうえ
o-a-i-u-e
あえいうえおあお
a-e-i-u-e-o-a-o
かきくけこ
ka-ki-ku-ke-ko
きくけこか
ki-ku-ke-ko-ka
くけこかき
ku-ke-ko-ka-ki
けこかきく
ke-ko-ka-ki-ku
こかきくけ
ko-ka-ki-ku-ke
かけきくけこかこ
ka-ke-ki-ku-ke-ko-ka-ko
がぎぐげご
ga-gi-gu-ge-go
ぎぐげごが
gi-gu-ge-go-ga
ぐげごがぎ
gu-ge-go-ga-gi
げごがぎぐ
ge-go-ga-gi-gu
ごがきぐげ
go-ga-gi-gu-ge
がげぎぐげごがご
ga-ge-gi-gu-ge-go-ga-go
さしすせそ
sa-si-su-se-so
しすせそさ
si-su-se-so-sa
すせそさし
su-se-so-sa-si
せそさしす
se-so-sa-si-su
そさしすせ
so-sa-si-su-se
させしすせそさそ
sa-se-si-su-se-so-sa-so
ざじずぜぞ
za-zi-zu-ze-zo
じずせぞざ
zi-zu-ze-zo-za
ずぜぞざじ
zu-ze-zo-za-zi
ぜぞざじず
ze-zo-za-zi-zu
ぞざじずぜ
zo-za-zi-zu-ze
ざぜじずぜぞざぞ
za-ze-zi-zu-ze-zo-za-zo
たちつてと
ta-ti-tu-te-to
ちつてとた
ti-tu-te-to-ta
つてとたち
tu-te-to-ta-ti
てとたちつ
te-to-ta-ti-tu
とたちつて
to-ta-ti-tu-te
たてちつてとたと
ta-te-ti-tu-te-to-ta-to
だぢづでど
da-di-du-de-do
ぢづでどだ
di-du-de-do-da
づでどだぢ
du-de-do-da-di
でどだぢづ
de-do-da-di-du
どだぢづで
do-da-di-du-de
だでぢづでどだど
da-de-di-du-de-do-da-do
なにぬねの
na-ni-nu-ne-no
にぬねのな
ni-nu-ne-no-na
ぬねのなに
nu-ne-no-na-ni
ねのなにぬ
ne-no-na-ni-nu
のなにぬね
no-na-ni-nu-ne
なねにぬねのなの
na-ne-ni-nu-ne-no-na-no
はひふへほ
ha-hi-hu-he-ho
ひふへほは
hi-hu-he-ho-ha
ふへほはひ
hu-he-ho-ha-hi
へほはひふ
he-ho-ha-hi-hu
ほはひふへ
ho-ha-hi-hu-he
はへひふへほはほ
ha-he-hi-hu-he-ho-ha-ho
ばびぶべぼ
ba-bi-bu-be-bo
びふべぼば
bi-bu-be-bo-ba
ぶべぼばび
bu-bi-bo-ba-bi
べぼばびぶ
be-bo-ba-bi-bu
ぼばびぶべ
bo-ba-bi-bu-be
ばべびぶべぼばぼ
ba-be-bi-bu-be-bo-ba-bo
ぱぴぷぺぽ
pa-pi-pu-pe-po
ぴぷぺぽぱ
pi-pu-pe-po-pa
ぷぺぽぱぴ
pu-pe-po-pa-pi
ぺぽぱぴぷ
pe-po-pa-pi-pu
ぽぱぴぷぺ
po-pa-pi-pu-pe
ぱぺぴぷぺぽぱぽ
pa-pe-pi-pu-pe-po-pa-po
まみむめも
ma-mi-mu-me-mo
みむめもま
mi-mu-me-mo-ma
むめもまみ
mu-me-mo-ma-mi
めもまみむ
me-mo-ma-mi-mu
もまみむめ
mo-ma-mi-mu-me
まめみむめもまも
ma-me-mi-mu-me-mo-ma-mo
やいゆえよ
ya-i-yu-e-yo
いゆえよや
i-yu-e-yo-ya
ゆえよやい
yu-e-yo-ya-i
えよやいゆ
e-yo-ya-i-yu
よやゆいえ
yo-ya-yu-i-e
やえいゆえよやよ
ya-e-i-yu-e-yo-ya-yo
らりるれろ
ra-ri-ru-re-ro
りるれろら
ri-ru-re-ro-ra
るれろらり
ru-re-ro-ra-ri
れろらりる
re-ro-ra-ri-ru
ろらりるれ
ro-ra-ri-ru-re
られりるれろらろ
ra-re-ri-ru-re-ro-ra-ro

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